Diagnosis of the agriculture coffee ecosystem of the CPA Esteban Caballero
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Abstract
The work was developed starting from February until October of the 2006, in the community Rihito de Matías, located above the 360 msnm, Tercer Frente municipality, Santiago de Cuba province, with the purpose of characterizing the Cooperative of Agricultural Production Esteban Caballero, with relationship to the agro-forestry, preservation of the soil and water, identification of the main problems that affect the coffee production, the preservation of the environment, as well as the use and management of the natural resources and of the derived residuals of the productive process. It was that the vegetable covering is varied, in some scarce areas and with little value like protector of the soils and water. The soils are stony on cavernous rocks, with prevalence of the ferralitics and excessively erosioned. Numerous forest species growing in a spontaneous way inside which 23 were identified. The Guasuma tomentosa (H.B.K.), Manguifera indica (L.) and Roigstonea regia (H.B.K.) were the most frequent and abundant. The coffee is the main cultivation; the Coffea arabica (L.) prevails in 98 % of the plantations. Measures of conservation of the soil and water are not applied, it is poor the use of the existent sources of water and of the waste generated starting from the productive process. The population, agricultural and industrial sectors constitute the main polluting factors.
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